BIOMAG

Thermofisher, Nanodrop 1000    Nanodrop is a spectrophotometer which is designed to measure the concentration of nucleic acids at 260nm and Proteins at 280nm present in a very small minute volume. It is also capable of measuring the concentrations of dsDNA, RNA, ssRNA and purified protein. Required sample size is usually 1µL. Nanodrop instruments are usually full spectrum spectrophotometer, i.e., Ultra violet and visible range wavelengths (250nm to 750nm).  Nanodrop is commonly used for the quantification of the DNA concentration and RNA concentration in a given sample. However there are many other applications which can be performed on this instrument.  It works on the principle of Spectrophotometer or Sample Retention System....  Principle of Nanodrop: "The Nanodrop works on the principle of sample retention system.. When the small volume of sample is introduced, the arm and pedestal will work together and make the sample in the form of colum...

 The  Bioanalyzer is a genomics instrument which is chip-based machine works on the principle of capillary electrophoresis to analyze and quantify RNA, DNA and Protien. Bioanalyzer provides rapid, accurate and reproducible analysis of the quality of RNA, DNA and Protein samples as well as quantification of these.  Prior to micro array analysis, bioanalyzer is used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of RNA samples. The technology is based on microfluidics and is capable of performing eletrophoretic separations. Results, high quality digital data are produced within 30-40 minutes. Very famous bio analyzer is Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer which offers the detection and quantification of RNA, DNA, Protein and even cells. This instrument is automated which offers reduced hands-on time, improved accuracy, improved precision and increased productivity. Scale is small sample volume, less waste, reduced bench space and reduced reagent usage. " BioAnalyzer works on ...

labnetinternational.com A Gel Documentation System is a type of imaging system which is widely and regularly used in molecular biology experiments. It is used mainly for the imaging or recording and measuring the labelled nucleic acid or proteins in a media such as Agarose gel or Acrylamide Gel. Nucleic acids and proteins are usually stained with ethidium bromide or fluorophores such as SYBR Green.  Generally, a gel doc system includes a hood, ultra violet transilluminator, and a CCD Camera to capture the image.  For Example: A nucleic acid is stained with ethidium bromide dye and run on the Agarose Gel. After electrophoresis is completed, this gel is then kept inside the gel doc system in the hood and covered. When UV light is illuminated on this gel, the nucleic acid plasmid stained with ethidium bromide will emit light. The emitted light will be in the form of bands. Each band in the gel represents the size of the nucleic acid base pairs. This is captured wi...

            In biological sciences or bio medical sciences, the incubators are the devices which are used to maintain or grow microorganisms or cell cultures. Main task of an incubator is to maintain the optimal temperature, humidity, carbon monoxide, or CO2 and O2 content.  Integrated Scientific Solutions     Incubators are regularly, in fact daily are used in clinical or research areas such microbiology, molecular biology, cell biology, etc. Commonly they are used to culture or grow bacteria as well as eukaryotic cells. Incubators are insulated boxes in which the required temperature can be adjusted depending on the cells or bacteria to be grown or cultured. The temperature can be up to 65℃ to  70 ℃.. Most commonly used incubators are 37 ℃ and 30 ℃ incubators. 37 ℃ are used for growing bacteria such as E.coli bacteria. and 30 ℃ are commonly used for growing yeast cells. There are special incubators which maintain the humidity...

Image Source: ProfiLab24       A centrifuge is an instrument which separates any suspension or floating colloidal particles in the solution into fractions. The resulting fractions are termed as Supernatant and Pellet. Supernatant will contain the solution and Pellet is the particles which are collected at the bottom. A centrifuge works on the principle of centrifugal force, where the centifugal acceleration causes the denser substances and particles to move outward in the radial direction. Denser particles will settle at the bottom forming a pellet and less denser will settle in the center of on top in a solution called as supernatant.  Centrifuges are relatively simple devices having stationary and rotary parts. The rotation generated by the electric motor of the centrifuge is transmitted to the rotor harbouring the samples contained within appropriate centrifuge tubes. (A centrifugal force is a force arising from the body's inertia which acts on a body which ...

Image Source: genomecore.ucsf.edu Real Time PCR is a molecular biology instrument which is able to monitor the amplification of the target or template DNA at each cycle. Hence the name "Real Time PCR".. It can also be called as quantitative PCR as it is able to quantify the template DNA. It works on the basis of polymerase chain reaction in addition to that it utilizes the fluorescent dyes, fluorescent reporters or probes to monitor the amplification of template in DNA by emitting the fluorescence at each cycle.  There are two main methods for the detection of amplification of DNA in real time.  1) Non-specific fluorescent dyes such as SYBR Green Dye which binds to any double-stranded DNA present in the PCR tube.  2) Sequence-specific DNA Probes consisting of oligo nucleotides which are labelled with fluorescent reporters.  Example: TaqMan. Principle of Real-Time PCR :     "A thermal cycler which is installed with an illuminator wh...

             PCR stands for "Polymerase Chain Reaction" in biological sciences, especially in molecular biology. A molecular biology technique which makes millions of copies of a target DNA. A target single copy of DNA molecule is exponentially amplified which produces millions of copies of that particular target DNA segment with the help of primers, enzymes and nucleotides.       PCR has wide range of applications in molecular biology.. This technique has been regularly used in clinical and medical laboratories, in biological or biomedical research and forensic sciences (crime investigation.  Most of PCR works on the principle of Thermal Cycling. Thermal Cycling is a process where the DNA molecules and constituents along with that segment is repeatedly heated and cooled.  Principle of PCR :                     "In the first step, the target DNA segment is heated...